Hashimoto's Disease: Understanding Your Thyroid

What is Hashimoto's Disease?

Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder where your immune system mistakenly attacks your thyroid gland. This gradual damage to the thyroid often leads to hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), but in rare cases, it can initially cause hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid).

Causes of Hashimoto's Disease

The exact cause of Hashimoto's disease is unknown. It's believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors that trigger an autoimmune response.

Symptoms of Hashimoto's Disease

Since Hashimoto's often leads to hypothyroidism, the symptoms are similar. These may include:

• Fatigue

• Weight gain

• Cold intolerance

• Dry skin

• Hair loss

• Constipation

• Muscle weakness

• Joint pain

• Depression

• Slow heart rate

• Hoarse voice

However, it's important to note that early in the disease, some people may experience symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as:

• Rapid heartbeat

• Nervousness or anxiety

• Tremor

• Weight loss despite increased appetite

• Heat intolerance

• Increased sweating

• Difficulty sleeping

• Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea)

Diagnosis of Hashimoto's Disease

Your endocrinologist will typically diagnose Hashimoto's disease through a physical exam, medical history, and blood tests. Blood tests will measure thyroid hormone levels, TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO antibodies). The presence of TPO antibodies is a strong indicator of Hashimoto's disease.

Treatment for Hashimoto's Disease

Most people with Hashimoto's disease eventually develop hypothyroidism and require thyroid hormone replacement therapy. This treatment involves taking synthetic thyroid hormone to replace what your body is no longer producing.

In rare cases where Hashimoto's causes hyperthyroidism, treatment may include antithyroid medications or other therapies to manage the overactive thyroid.

Living with Hashimoto's Disease

While Hashimoto's is a chronic condition, it can be effectively managed with proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments. Regular monitoring of thyroid hormone levels is essential to ensure optimal dosage of medication.

For more information check out this brochure as provided by the American Thyroid Association: https://www.thyroid.org/wp-content/uploads/patients/brochures/Hashimotos_Thyroiditis.pdf 

Reference List:

• American Thyroid Association: https://www.thyroid.org/hashimotos-thyroiditis/ 

• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK): https://www.thyroid.org/hashimotos-thyroiditis/